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How To I.D. Genetically Modified Food at the Supermarket

  • Spence Cooper
  • July 2, 2017

In recent years, the topic of genetically modified (GM) foods has garnered significant attention, raising concerns and debates among consumers, health experts, and environmentalists. One of the most crucial aspects of this discussion is the labeling of GM foods. Surprisingly, many consumers are unaware that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not mandate the labeling of genetically modified food. This policy decision is grounded in the FDA’s perspective that consumers do not need to know if, for instance, the tomato they consume has been genetically altered, perhaps by incorporating frog genes to enhance cold resistance.

This lack of mandatory labeling for GM foods is a significant issue for those concerned about consuming what has been colloquially termed ‘Frankenfood’. However, for consumers who wish to make informed choices, there are ways to identify whether the fruits and vegetables they purchase are genetically modified.

A key method to distinguish GM food is by understanding the Price Look-Up (PLU) codes commonly found on stickers of fresh produce. Conventionally grown fruits, which are cultivated using chemical inputs, have a PLU code with four digits. In contrast, organically grown fruits are identified by a five-digit PLU code that starts with the number 9. Most notably, genetically engineered (GE or GMO) fruits can be recognized by a five-digit PLU code beginning with the number 8.

For example:

  • A conventionally grown banana has the PLU code 4011.
  • An organic banana is labeled with the code 94011.
  • A genetically engineered banana would carry the code 84011.

This information is particularly vital considering that over 80% of all processed foods in the U.S. are genetically modified. The situation in Europe differs significantly, with several countries in the European Union, including Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, and Luxembourg, implementing bans on GM products and produce. These divergent approaches underscore the varying levels of regulatory control and consumer awareness regarding GM foods across the globe.

The impact of GM foods on health and the environment remains a contentious topic. Critics argue that GM foods may pose risks to health and biodiversity, while proponents claim that they can enhance crop yields and food security. The debate extends to legal and economic realms as well, exemplified by cases like Monsanto’s lawsuit against Germany over the banning of GM corn.

As the discourse on genetically modified foods continues to evolve, the importance of informed consumer choice cannot be overstated. Whether through meticulous label reading or opting for organic alternatives, consumers play a pivotal role in shaping the future of food production and safety standards. As the saying goes, “Eat healthy, buy or grow organic,” highlighting a growing trend towards more natural and less genetically altered food sources.

How-to-Identify-GMO-Food-in-Supermarket

Hat tip to Marion Owen for her valuable information. Here’s how it works:

PLU codes, developed by the International Federation for Produce Standards (IFPS), are primarily used by supermarkets to streamline checkout and inventory processes. However, these codes also offer valuable insights for consumers, especially those concerned about genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

Understanding PLU Codes:

  1. Conventional Produce: These are grown with the use of pesticides and other chemical inputs. Their PLU codes consist of four digits. For example, a conventionally grown banana is labeled with the PLU code 4011.
  2. Organic Produce: These items are grown without synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, or GMOs, in accordance with organic farming standards. Their PLU codes are five digits long and begin with the number 9. Hence, an organically grown banana carries the PLU code 94011.
  3. Genetically Engineered (GE) or GMO Produce: This category includes produce that has been genetically modified for various reasons, such as improved resistance to pests or adverse environmental conditions. Their PLU codes are also five digits but start with the number 8, as seen with a genetically engineered banana, which would have the PLU code 84011.

Additional Considerations:

  • Not All GMOs are Labeled: It’s crucial to note that the use of ‘8’ as a prefix for GMOs is voluntary. Therefore, not all GMO products might be labeled as such, leading to some genetically modified produce being sold with conventional PLU codes.
  • Limitations of PLU Codes: PLU codes are not designed for consumer education regarding GMOs. They are a tool for retailers, and their use for GMO identification is not universal or mandatory.
  • Certifications and Seals: For those particularly concerned about avoiding GMOs, looking for certifications like “Non-GMO Project Verified” can be a more reliable method than relying solely on PLU codes.
  • Regional Variations: The usage and interpretation of PLU codes can vary by region and country, reflecting different regulatory frameworks and labeling standards for GMOs.

For example:Organic Grown Banana

A conventionally grown banana would be: 4011

An organic banana would be: 94011

A genetically engineered (GE or GMO) banana would be: 84011

These tips are specially important now that over 80% of all processed foods in the US are genetically modified. Many countries in the European Union have been banning GM products and produce (including Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary and Luxembourg).  We say “Eat healthy, buy or grow organic”.

Related Articles:

Monsanto Sues Germany Over GM Banned Corn

Germany Bans GM Corn – Europe in an uproar

Thailand Declares Herbs, Natural Pesticides “Hazardous Substances”

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